Soil contains 7-9000ppm of manganese with an average of 440ppm. Seawater has only 10ppm and the atmosphere contains 0.01µg/m3.
Manganese occurs principally as:
Pyrolusite (MnO2)
Braunite (Mn2+Mn3+6)(SiO12)
Psilomelane (Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10
Rhodochrosite (MnCO3)
Manganese phosphating is used as a treatment for rust and corrosion prevention on steel.
It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse but easy to oxidize, and rust like iron.
Has been used as the Chief Cathodic material for commercial disposable dry cells and dry batteries of both the standard (Zinc-Carbon) and Alkaline types.
Steel containing 8 to 15% of manganese can have a high tensile strength of up to 863 MPa.
Aluminium with a manganese content of roughly 1.5% has an increased resistance against corrosion.
